Knowledge

Knowledge in public

Questions that deepen
how we see society.

Research, analysis, and essays that bring social-science insight to the questions people, communities, and institutions face.

TIDA open mosaic spiral

04 — Knowledge

Featured
article.

01 — 2026

Knowledge organised
around public questions.

Each contribution has a primary field while remaining open to interdisciplinary inquiry.

02
Law, Justice & RightsAnalytical essay

Before Debating the Form of the State, Who Defines Its Reference?

A reading of the distinction between social identity, sources of legislation, state reference, and political legitimacy.

Sociology of law & religion↗
03
Development, Economy & EducationAnalytical essay

Who Will Syria’s Economic Restructuring Serve?

Privatisation and economic opening redistribute resources, opportunities, and power—shaping who benefits from economic change.

Political economy↗
04
State, Power & GovernanceKnowledge brief

How Did Humanity Learn to Restrain Power?

From absolute rule to institutions: how accountability and strong institutions protect society from the return of authoritarian power.

Institutional analysis↗
05
Culture, Identity & MeaningAnalytical essay

Shura and Democracy: When Sources of Legitimacy Multiply

A conceptual approach to religious norms, popular sovereignty, and democratic institutions.

Political & religious sociology↗
06
State, Power & GovernanceAnalytical essay

Between Republic and Monarchy: How Should We Read the State?

The nature of a regime becomes clear through where power lies, how it is restrained, and who holds it accountable.

Political sociology↗

Questions before answers.
Understanding before solutions.

Society is our starting point. Social sciences help us see it more clearly. Dialogue tests and expands what we know. We return that knowledge to public life.